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was a Japanese author, translator, and literary critic. Born Hasegawa Tatsunosuke (長谷川 辰之助) in Edo (now Tokyo), Futabatei's works are in the realist style popular in the mid- to late-19th century. His work ''Ukigumo'' (''Floating Clouds'', 1887) is widely hailed as Japan's first modern novel. ==Biography== After quitting his studies at the Russian language department at the Tokyo Foreign Language School (東京外国語学校 ''Tōkyō Gaikokugo Gakkō'')〔The Tokyo Foreign School was absorbed into the Tokyo Commercial School (東京商業学校 ''Tōkyō Shōgyō Gakkō'') in 1985 before his quit. The status of the Tokyo Commercial School was raised to that of the Higher Commercial School (高等商業学校 ''Kōtō Shōgyō Gakkō'') (now Hitotsubashi University) in 1887, established affiliated institutions for foreign-language education in 1897, and separated affiliated institutions for foreign-language education as Tokyo School of Foreign Languages (now Tokyo University of Foreign Studies) in 1899.〕 in protest over administrative restructuring, Futabatei published the literary criticism ''Shōsetsu Sōron'' at the encouragement of the critic and author Tsubouchi Shōyō in 1886. Futabatei's first novel ''Ukigumo'' was never finished, but its realist style strongly influenced fellow authors in his day. Futabatei was accomplished in Russian and translated the work of Ivan Turgenev and other Russian realists into Japanese. In 1902, he learned Esperanto in Russia. Returning to Japan in 1906, he published the first Japanese-Esperanto instruction book "世界語" ''Sekaigo''. Futabatei died of tuberculosis on the Bay of Bengal while returning from Russia as a special correspondent for the ''Asahi Shimbun'' newspaper. He was cremated and buried in Singapore. The origin of his pen name is in the curse his father said when told by his son that he aspired to study literature: ''Kutabatte shimee'' (くたばって仕舞え), "Drop dead!". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Futabatei Shimei」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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